Saint Lucia
Introduction Geography People Government Economy Communications Transportation Military Transnational Issues
Introduction	Back To Top
Background: The island, with its fine natural harbor at Castries, was contested between England and France throughout the 17th and early 18th centuries (changing possession 14 times); it was finally ceded to the UK in 1814. Even after the abolition of slavery on its plantations in 1834, Saint Lucia remained an agricultural island, dedicated to producing tropical commodity crops. Self-government was granted in 1967 and independence in 1979.
Geography	Back To Top
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural): total: 0.01 per capita: 81 cu m/yr (1997) Land boundaries: 0 km Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Climate: tropical, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season January to April, rainy season May to August Map references: Central America and the Caribbean Geographic coordinates: 13 53 N, 60 58 W Natural resources: forests, sandy beaches, minerals (pumice), mineral springs, geothermal potential Elevation extremes: lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Mount Gimie 950 m Terrain: volcanic and mountainous with some broad, fertile valleys Geography - note: the twin Pitons (Gros Piton and Petit Piton), striking cone-shaped peaks south of Soufriere, are one of the scenic natural highlights of the Caribbean Area: total: 616 sq km land: 606 sq km water: 10 sq km Location: Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago Coastline: 158 km Area - comparative: 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC Irrigated land: 30 sq km (2003) Environment - current issues: deforestation; soil erosion, particularly in the northern region Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin Natural hazards: hurricanes and volcanic activity Land use: arable land: 6.45% permanent crops: 22.58% other: 70.97% (2005)
People	Back To Top
Total fertility rate: 1.86 children born/woman (2008 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2008 est.) HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: NA HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: NA Life expectancy at birth: total population: 76.25 years male: 73.59 years female: 79.05 years (2008 est.) Literacy: definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school total population: 90.1% male: 89.5% female: 90.6% (2001 est.) Net migration rate: -4.33 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008 est.) Ethnic groups: black 82.5%, mixed 11.9%, East Indian 2.4%, other or unspecified 3.1% (2001 census) Median age: total: 29.2 years male: 28.2 years female: 30.2 years (2008 est.) Population: 159,585 (July 2008 est.) Education expenditures: 6.6% of GDP (2006) Population growth rate: 0.436% (2008 est.) Languages: English (official), French patois Death rate: 6.71 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.) Infant mortality rate: total: 13.8 deaths/1,000 live births male: 12.75 deaths/1,000 live births female: 14.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.) HIV/AIDS - deaths: NA School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 14 years male: 13 years female: 14 years (2006) Age structure: 0-14 years: 25.2% (male 20,614/female 19,559) 15-64 years: 65.8% (male 50,897/female 54,140) 65 years and over: 9% (male 6,481/female 7,894) (2008 est.) Birth rate: 15.4 births/1,000 population (2008 est.) Religions: Roman Catholic 67.5%, Seventh Day Adventist 8.5%, Pentecostal 5.7%, Rastafarian 2.1%, Anglican 2%, Evangelical 2%, other Christian 5.1%, other 1.1%, unspecified 1.5%, none 4.5% (2001 census) Nationality: noun: Saint Lucian(s) adjective: Saint Lucian
Government	Back To Top
Diplomatic representation from the US: the US does not have an embassy in Saint Lucia; the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Saint Lucia National holiday: Independence Day, 22 February (1979) Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Government type: parliamentary democracy Political pressure groups and leaders: NA Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Michael LOUIS chancery: 3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016 telephone: [1] (202) 364-6792 through 6795 FAX: [1] (202) 364-6723 consulate(s) general: Miami, New York International organization participation: ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, OIF, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (11 seats; six members appointed on the advice of the prime minister, three on the advice of the leader of the opposition, and two after consultation with religious, economic, and social groups) and the House of Assembly (17 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: House of Assembly - last held 11 December 2006 (next to be held in December 2011) election results: House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - UWP 50%, SLP 46.9%, other 3.1%; seats by party - UWP 11, SLP 6 Legal system: based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Flag description: blue, with a gold isosceles triangle below a black arrowhead; the upper edges of the arrowhead have a white border Independence: 22 February 1979 (from UK) Country name (Goverment): conventional long form: none conventional short form: Saint Lucia Political parties and leaders: National Alliance or NA [George ODLUM]; Saint Lucia Freedom Party or SFP [Martinus FRANCOIS]; Saint Lucia Labor Party or SLP [Kenneth ANTHONY]; Sou Tout Apwe Fete Fini or STAFF [Christopher HUNTE]; United Workers Party or UWP [Stephenson KING] Capital: name: Castries geographic coordinates: 14 01 N, 61 00 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) Constitution: 22 February 1979 Executive branch: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Dame Pearlette LOUISY (since September 1997) head of government: Prime Minister Stephenson KING (since 9 September 2007); note - Sir John COMPTON died in office Friday, 7 September 2007 cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister elections: the monarch is hereditary; the governor general is appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general Administrative divisions: 11 quarters; Anse-la-Raye, Castries, Choiseul, Dauphin, Dennery, Gros-Islet, Laborie, Micoud, Praslin, Soufriere, Vieux-Fort Judicial branch: Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (jurisdiction extends to Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, the British Virgin Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)
Economy	Back To Top
Exports - partners: US 24.5%, France 23.2%, UK 19.3%, Antigua and Barbuda 5%, Dominica 4.9%, Barbados 4.4%, Trinidad and Tobago 4.1% (2007) Electricity - consumption: 289.2 million kWh (2006 est.) Central bank discount rate: 6.5% (31 December 2007) Electricity - imports: 0 kWh (2007 est.) Current account balance: -$199 million (2007 est.) Debt - external: $257 million (2004) Unemployment rate: 20% (2003 est.) Oil - exports: 0 bbl/day (2005) GDP - per capita (PPP): $11,300 (2008 est.) Stock of domestic credit: $1.217 billion (31 December 2007) GDP (purchasing power parity): $1.8 billion (2008 est.) GDP (official exchange rate): $1.031 billion (2008 est.) Exchange rates: East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar - 2.7 (2007), 2.7 (2006), 2.7 (2005), 2.7 (2004), 2.7 (2003) GDP - real growth rate: 2.3% (2008 est.) Stock of money: $264.7 million (31 December 2007) Labor force: 43,800 (2001 est.) Imports - partners: Brazil 63.6%, US 10.2%, Trinidad and Tobago 8.2% (2007) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1.9% (2007 est.) GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 5% industry: 15% services: 80% (2005 est.) Oil - imports: 2,631 bbl/day (2005) Exports: $288 million (2006) Natural gas - consumption: 0 cu m (2007 est.) Currency (code): East Caribbean dollar (XCD) Economy - overview: The island nation has been able to attract foreign business and investment, especially in its offshore banking and tourism industries, with a surge in foreign direct investment in 2006, attributed to the construction of several tourism projects. Although crops such as bananas, mangos, and avocados continue to be grown for export, tourism provides Saint Lucia's main source of income and the industry is the island's biggest employer. The tourism sector is likely to face declining revenues with the global economic downturn as US and European travel declines. The manufacturing sector is the most diverse in the Eastern Caribbean area, and the government is trying to revitalize the banana industry, although recent hurricanes have caused exports to contract. Saint Lucia is vulnerable to a variety of external shocks including volatile tourism receipts, natural disasters, and dependence on foreign oil. The public debt-to-GDP ratio is about 70% and high debt servicing obligations constrain the KING administration's ability to respond to adverse external shocks. Economic fundamentals remain solid, even though unemployment needs to be reduced. Natural gas - exports: 0 cu m (2007 est.) Imports - commodities: food 23%, manufactured goods 21%, machinery and transportation equipment 19%, chemicals, fuels Industries: clothing, assembly of electronic components, beverages, corrugated cardboard boxes, tourism; lime processing, coconut processing Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (2007 est.) Population below poverty line: NA% Commercial bank prime lending rate: 10.12% (31 December 2007) Stock of quasi money: $720.9 million (31 December 2007) Electricity - production: 325 million kWh (2007 est.) Imports: $791 million (2006) Oil - proved reserves: 0 bbl (1 January 2006 est.) Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 21.7% industry: 24.7% services: 53.6% (2002 est.) Natural gas - proved reserves: 0 cu m (1 January 2006 est.) Oil - consumption: 2,780 bbl/day (2006 est.) Currency code: XCD Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA% Exports - commodities: bananas 41%, clothing, cocoa, vegetables, fruits, coconut oil Economic aid - recipient: $11.06 million (2005) Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001) Natural gas - imports: 0 cu m (2007 est.) Natural gas - production: 0 cu m (2007 est.) Budget: revenues: $141.2 million expenditures: $146.7 million (2000 est.) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March Oil - production: 0 bbl/day (2007 est.)
Communications	Back To Top
Internet users: 110,000 (2007) Telephones - main lines in use: 51,100 (2002) Televisions: 32,000 (1997) Internet country code: .lc Radio broadcast stations: AM 2, FM 7, shortwave 0 (2003) Radios: 111,000 (1997) Telephones - mobile cellular: 105,700 (2005) Television broadcast stations: 2 (1 commercial broadcast station and 1 community antenna television or CATV channel) (2003) Telephone system: general assessment: adequate system domestic: system is automatically switched international: country code - 1-758; the East Caribbean Fiber Optic System (ECFS) and Southern Caribbean fiber optic system (SCF) submarine cables, along with Intelsat from Martinique, carry calls internationally; direct microwave radio relay link with Martinique and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; tropospheric scatter to Barbados Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 15 (2000) Internet hosts: 17 (2008)
Transportation	Back To Top
Ports and terminals: Castries, Cul-de-Sac, Vieux-Fort Airports - with paved runways: total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007) Roadways: total: 1,210 km (2002) Airports: 2 (2007)
Military	Back To Top
Manpower available for military service: males age 16-49: 48,358 (2008 est.) Manpower fit for military service: males age 16-49: 38,660 (2008 est.) Military branches: no regular military forces; Royal Saint Lucia Police Force (includes Special Service Unit, Coast Guard) (2007) Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually: male: 1,591 female: 1,504 (2008 est.) Military expenditures: NA
Transnational Issues	Back To Top
Disputes - international: joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under UNCLOS, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea Illicit drugs: transit point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe

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